Single Link †EN, JA CLICK HERE >> https://urllio.com/2tD8cr (The same applies to any other object, like Strings for example). The detail here is that the variable someObject does not hold the object itself, the value of the variable is the pointer to the object. For example as shown in the illustration on the right (using a single memory block for simplicity), the value of someObject is 121. This can be confusing because when calling a method like Our findings suggest that enhancing contraceptive access, a readily available tool with a current policy environment supportive of removing cost barriers, may be an important strategy to reduce ZIKV-related microcephaly births (Fox and Barfield 2016; Burke and Moreau 2016; Goldthwaite and Velasquez 2016; Dehlendorf et al. 2017). Its potential contribution to ZIKV-related microcephaly prevention is particularly important given that the single vaccine to reach Phase I safety and immunogenicity human trials so far is not expected to be commercially available until at least 2018 (Clinicaltrials.gov 2016) and no clinically approved therapy is currently available for treating any type of flavivirus infection (Weaver et al. 2016). Further, any vaccine or therapy targeted for use in pregnant women would likely undergo additional testing, adding more time to the approval process (Weaver et al. 2016). As estimated lifetime costs associated with a single microcephaly birth are estimated to be between 1 and 10 million dollars (Freiden 2016; Li et al. 2017) and contraception is already cost-beneficial in terms of averting unintended pregnancies (Foster et al. 2013; Trussell et al. 2013), it is likely that enhanced contraception alone would be cost-beneficial in preventing ZIKV-related microcephaly births. For our simulation, we based our parameter assumptions on either published estimates or on what we considered to be plausible values; however, these values may not be accurate given the scarcity of current knowledge on ZIKV. Some of our parameter assumptions may have led to an overestimation of the expected number of ZIKV-related microcephaly births. First, we may have overestimated the number of reproductive aged women at risk of encountering ZIKV-carrying mosquitoes by including states with documented presence of Aedes aegypti in the past 3 years; this may not be an accurate predictor of future risk of autochthonous ZIKV transmission, but alternative methods to define an at-risk population were either too broad or included states with travel-associated risk of ZIKV (Boulet et al. 2016; FDA 2016). Second, we applied first trimester risk of ZIKV-related microcephaly to all expected pregnancies in our study population, which could have overestimated the risk of microcephaly given that most studies to date have found the risk of ZIKV-related birth defects is highest for women infected during first trimester (Johansson et al. 2016; Pacheco et al. 2016; Honein et al. 2016). Yet there is evidence linking post-first trimester ZIKV infection to microcephaly (Brasil et al. 2016; Faria et al. 2016) and, for many areas included in our analysis, encounters with ZIKV carrying mosquitoes may be nearly year round. For example, Texas recently reported its first autochthonous ZIKV transmission occurred in November, 2016 (New York Times). Third, we may have overestimated the proportion of ZIKV-affected pregnancies leading to live births as these pregnancies might be at higher risk of both pregnancy loss and induced termination compared to non ZIKV-affected pregnancies (Aiken et al. 2016); however, we are unaware of risk estimates for these outcomes from a representative sample of all women infected with ZIKV during pregnancy (Honein et al. 2016). The issue is that on a typical Linux system you access the java command (etc) via symbolic links that are created / managed by the alternatives command. This allows you to make a system-wide choice over which of the java installations should be used by default; i.e. via commands in /usr/bin. 781b155fdc

Annoying Download File ::: https://urllio.com/2tD7dN But it actually opened a whole interesting area of inquiry. Because my first question was, \"Well, who does this Does that happen to you a lot\" I asked her that, and she said, \"Well, you know, it's usually my family.\" \"Mmm, OK, so why\" \"Well, they were always very fastidious about dressing and going out ironed and creased and combed. And I feel like I never quite measured up.\" And I thought, isn't that interesting Because it really does prove one of the things we talk about in the book, which is that what annoys you is more revealing about you than about the thing that's annoying you. So with that caveat I'll say that one of the things that seems to be a factor in [annoying people] is that it has to be unpleasant. But I think the key part is that it's not deadly. We define annoyances as being essentially trivial. They may be unpleasant, but they're not harmful, in general. I suppose if a skunk sprayed you in the eyeball that would be bad, but mainly [it's] just, \"Ugh, I don't like this very much.\" The other thing is, it's something unpredictable. If you can get away from it, it's not annoying. We talk about cell phone conversations being annoying. But they're not annoying if somebody's just walking past you in the street. So it has to have this quality of \"you're trapped and can't get away.\" And we still do. I think there's an argument that if you do your Venn diagram, there are certainly overlaps with a lot of these other emotional states. But I think there's a spot that annoying sits in that is unique to annoyance. I know that Linda Bartoshuk, at the University of Florida, has expressed interest. She's very big on studying hedonic behaviors, so she's trying to come up with [different] scales for measuring things like taste. She's trying to work on ways of making them comparable, so that, in other words, if I say my annoyingness right now is a six, and you say your annoyingness is a six, on a scale of one to 10, how do we know how your six and my six compare to one another I think that's an interesting psychological question. Various reasons exist for why one finds particular stimuli annoying. Measurement of annoyance is highly subjective. As an attempt at measurement, psychological studies on annoyance often rely on their subjects' own ratings of levels of annoyance on a scale. Any kind of stimuli can cause annoyance, such as getting poked in the side or listening to a song repeatedly. Many stimuli that one is at first neutral to, or even finds pleasant, can turn into annoyances from repeated continued exposure. One can often encounter annoyance factors in media, including popular music, memes, commercials, and advertising jingles, which by their nature are continually repeated over a period of weeks or months. We believe that publishers should be able to monetize their content via advertising. Some of our favorite content is made possible with ads, and many of our users actively allow ads from creators they like using features available in AdBlock. Our focus is blocking annoying and intrusive ads. Since 2015, we have participated in the Acceptable Ads program, where publishers agree to ensure their ads meet certain criteria. Ads that are deemed non-intrusive are shown by default to AdBlock users. If you'd like to learn more about how Acceptable Ads works, where the money from this program goes, and more, please visit our Acceptable Ads FAQ. NEW TEEN VERSION AVAILABLE HERE: -science-of-well-being-for-teensIn this course you will engage in a series of challenges designed to increase your own happiness and build more productive habits. As preparation for these tasks, Professor Laurie Santos reveals misconceptions about happiness, annoying features of the mind that lead us to think the way we do, and the research that can help us change. You will ultimately be prepared to successfully incorporate a specific wellness activity into your life.THE SCIENCE OF WELL BEING WAS PRODUCED IN PART DUE TO THE GENEROUS FUNDING OF THE DAVID F. SWENSEN FUND FOR INNOVATION IN TEACHING. More recently, we commissioned customer experience analytics firm Bizrate Insights to survey its panel of US digital buyers about their ad avoidance habits and the types of ads they found useful or annoying. The survey found that about two-thirds of US digital buyers thought autoplay video ads with sound were annoying, making them the most annoying type of online ad. Autoplay videos without sound, which irked 55.0% of respondents, was No. 2. Perhaps surprisingly, the third-leading response was audio ads on music streaming services or podcasts. Almost half of respondents said they found them annoying. In the last decade, cell phones and other personal communication devices have become fixtures for a large majority of the population. However, this increased accessibility can make a person susceptible to abuse, and these devices may be used as a means to annoy, pester or harass others. As a result, it is against the law to make annoying phone calls under California Penal Code Section 653m PC. This statute applies to phone calls, text messages, and other methods of electronic communication. A man becomes upset after his girlfriend break ups with him. The woman has indicated that she does not want any additional contact, however the man continues to constantly send her text messages knowing that it bothers her. Often the text messages include nude photographs of himself and other material that could be considered obscene. This man could be charged with making annoying phone call pursuant to California Penal Code Section 653m PC despite the fact that he never actually placed a phone call, as text messages are covered by the statute. In another example, a man starting a business wants to market his new venture in his neighborhood. He obtains several local phone numbers and makes daily telephone calls advertising his business to these numbers. Many of the people receiving calls have indicated that they do not want the man to call anymore, however he does not stop making the daily phone marketing calls. This man would not be criminally liable for making annoying phone calls, because his actions were not driven by an intent to harass or annoy, even though that was the ultimate effect of his persistent calls. In a third example, a man is upset after being fired and gets extremely drunk at his local bar. After bar close he calls his boss at home, knowing that it would wake him up and would annoy him. When his boss picks up, the man calls him a jerk and then hangs up. This man could not be charged with making annoying phone calls, because even though he intended to annoy his boss, the single phone call was not threatening, obscene or repeated in violation of the statute. As discussed above, because making annoying phone calls is a specific intent crime a person who lacks the intent to annoy or harass could not be prosecuted under this statute. This would apply to those promoting businesses, collecting on debts, or otherwise making calls or messages that may not necessarily be welcomed by the recipient but would still be permissible under California Penal Code Section 653m PC. If you or someone you know have been accused of making annoying phone calls, it is very important that you speak with an experienced Los Angeles Criminal Defense Lawyer right away. Los Angeles Criminal Defense Attorney Michael Kraut is a former Deputy District Attorney with over 14 years of prosecutorial experience who knows how to effectively fight charges of this nature. In many cases if retained early enough, Mr. Kraut is able to intervene before charges are filed in order to prevent a criminal filing altogether. Mr. Kraut works hard to ensure that his clients receive the best representation possible. For more information about making annoying phone calls, and to schedule your free consultation, contact Los Angeles Criminal Defense Lawyer Michael Kraut at the Kraut Law Group located at 6255 Sunset Boulevard, Suite 1520, Los Angeles, CA 90028. Mr. Kraut can be reached 24/7 at 888-334-6344 or 323-464-6453. When reporting harassing, threatening, scam, or otherwise annoying phone calls to the police department, please attempt to gather as much information about the calls and phone number as possible. A report can be filed in person at the police department either for documentation purposes, or if warranted, for follow-up investigation. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is a leading resource for information on many topics relating to annoying and scam phone calls and emails. The FTC also provides a way to report scam type calls and emails through an online submission process. Please see the links below for further information: 781b155fdc

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Algorithms Of Oppression: How Search Engines Re... CLICK HERE ---> https://urluss.com/2tD4v1 Noble earned an undergraduate degree in sociology from California State University, Fresno in the 1990s, then worked in advertising and marketing for fifteen years before going to the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign for a Master of Library and Information Science degree in the early 2000s.[5] The book's first inspiration came in 2011, when Noble Googled the phrase \"black girls\" and saw results for pornography on the first page.[5] Noble's doctoral thesis, completed in 2012, was titled \"Searching for Black girls: Old traditions in new media.\"[6] At this time, Noble thought of the title \"Algorithms of Oppression\" for the eventual book.[7] By this time, changes to Google's algorithm had changed the most common results for a search of \"black girls,\" though the underlying biases remain influential.[8] Noble became an assistant professor at University of California, Los Angeles in 2014.[9] In 2017, she published an article on racist and sexist bias in search engines in The Chronicle of Higher Education.[9][10] The book was published on February 20, 2018.[11] In Chapter 5 of Algorithms of Oppression, Noble moves the discussion away from google and onto other information sources deemed credible and neutral. Noble says that prominent libraries, including the Library of Congress, encourage whiteness, heteronormativity, patriarchy and other societal standards as correct, and alternatives as problematic. She explains this problem by discussing a case between Dartmouth College and the Library of Congress where \"student-led organization the Coalition for Immigration Reform, Equality (CoFired) and DREAMers\" engaged in a two-year battle to change the Library's terminology from 'illegal aliens' to 'noncitizen' or 'unauthorised immigrants.'[20] Noble later discusses the problems that ensue from misrepresentation and classification which allows her to enforce the importance of contextualisation. Noble argues that it is not just google, but all digital search engines that reinforce societal structures and discriminatory biases and by doing so she points out just how interconnected technology and society are.[23] In Algorithms of Oppression, Safiya Noble explores the social and political implications of the results from our Google searches and our search patterns online. Noble challenges the idea of the internet being a fully democratic or post-racial environment. Each chapter examines different layers to the algorithmic biases formed by search engines. By outlining crucial points and theories throughout the book, Algorithms of Oppression is not limited to only academic readers. This allows for Noble's writing to reach a wider and more inclusive audience. In her book, Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism, which was published by New York University Press this month, Noble delves into the ways search engines misrepresent a variety of people, concepts, types of information and knowledge. Her aim: to get people thinking and talking about the prominent role technology plays in shaping our lives and our future. As Noble highlights, the sheer number of search engine optimizers, advertisers, and web developers publishing content makes this a massive and complex task for the platforms to control. But it reinforces the need to improve the algorithms at the outset too. Reviewed by: Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism by Safiya Umoja Noble, and: Pattern Discrimination by Clemens Apprich et al. Tom Welch (bio) ALGORITHMS OF OPPRESSION: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism by Safiya Umoja Noble New York University Press, 2018 256 pp.; paper, $28.00 PATTERN DISCRIMINATION by Clemens Apprich, Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, Florian Cramer, and Hito Steyerl University of Minnesota Press, 2018 124 pp.; paper, $25.00 Algorithms of oppression and pattern discrimination are two works that grapple with the disjuncture between big data's supposed objectivity and the very real ways in which it discriminates on the basis of identity. Specifically, both books build on the idea that the imagined objectivity of big data and search algorithms masks the fact that human beings compile, read, sort, and interpret data and that these interactions reflect the implicit and explicit prejudices and values of the society in which they live. Both books are also attempts at using humanist disciplines to question and contextualize the practices and assumptions of information and computer sciences. While Safiya Umoja Noble merges her background in library and information science with critical theories of race, gender, and technology, the authors of Pattern Discrimination use English and cultural studies theories to inform the methods of discerning patterns used in computer science. But while Noble's Algorithms of Oppression is interested in the material realities and consequences of Google as a company, Pattern Discrimination is much more theoretical and general in its approach. Because of these major differences, the books serve separate but overlapping audiences: Algorithms of Oppression is useful primarily for researchers who are interested in studying search engines such as Google and their relationships to race, gender, capital, and the state, while Pattern Discrimination is more useful for providing theories and methodological frameworks for dealing with big data's social value more generally, even as the authors often tie these broad theories to questions of identity. Safiya Umoja Noble's Algorithms of Oppression argues that the algorithmic interpretation of big data, especially as it relates to search, creates new technological structures of racism and sexism that both reflect and reinforce the prejudices of the people who create those algorithms as well as those who use them. Using Google as her primary case study, Noble attempts to \"further an exploration into some of these digital sense-making processes and how they have come to be so fundamental to the classification and organization of information and at what cost\" (2). The book is structured as a series of thematically linked but independent case studies of algorithmically informed racism and sexism. At the same time, Noble recognizes that the challenge in writing a book about the internet is that the internet will change almost as soon as the book is written. Therefore, she stresses that the key takeaway from her case studies is to document a continuous and historical trend of \"algorithmic oppression\" that shows that such cases are fundamental to the structures [End Page 72] and codes of the web and not glitches or outliers, as Google often claims. As a result, the book is structured not chronologically but thematically, with each of the six body chapters dealing with the intersection of Google's algorithm with different aspects of public life and structures of power. In Algorithms of Oppression, Safiya Umoja Noble clearly explains how search engines, used by billions daily, are not an innocent, neutral vehicle by which to search for information. They are not benign; they are powered by programmers, human beings with their own prejudices and motives, sometimes seeking to foster a certain viewpoint, and sometimes merely reflecting their own, skewed version of reality. Do people naturally think of white women as beautiful, and non-white women as unattractive, or is society being programmed to believe this If so, what else are the various search engines programming society to believe Where is the limit to their power Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism to demonstrate that search engines, and in particular Google, are not simply imperfect machines, but systems designed by humans in ways that replicate the power structures of the western countries where they are built, complete with all the sexism and racism that are built into those structures. The fact is, search engines do not produce simply objective, factual data. They produce data that is shaped and prioritized by the interests of the advertising companies that give revenue to Google. The data they produce is shaped by revenue-generating considerations, not by any objective measure of what is most useful or relevant to the user conducting a search. A growing awareness of the biased and white, patriarchal nature of search engines is what has led to the development of culturally situated search engines. Examples includeBlackbird, The Blackfind, BlackWebPortal, and GatewayBlackPortal, all designed for African American users. Others, such as JGrab, Jewist.net, JewGotIt, Maven Search, and Jewogle, are designed for Jewish users. The premise on which they are based is the same: search engines reflect and reinforce cultural and racialized biases. Noble ends on a pessimistic note; her book went to print as the Trump dark ages were descending upon America. A quick escape from corporate disinformation and exploitation now seems more remote than ever. Yet the imperative is, conversely, more important than ever. If we do not dispossess commercial search engines from the role they play in our society, and bring search back under democratic, publicly accountable, inclusive scrutiny and control, we risk allowing commercial search engines to not only disinform us but to reshape our society. With Algorithms of Oppression, Safiya Umoja Noble puts forward a robust and thoroughly researched critique of revenue-generating search engines, while calling for regulation and public policy to better govern information on the internet. Backed up with stats, citations and screenshots and taking a US-centric view, Noble dissects our trust in and reliance on search engines and examines the way that harm is caused to marginalised groups by the manner in which information is served up. The fact that search engines like Google are primarily ad companies that are in the business of selling ad space to the highest bidder is underscored. Attention is also drawn to the fact that search engines are being seen a